Digital Dying By: Justin Nobel

Interview with the world's very first funeographer

“With a funeral you never know what's going to happen,” says Priscilla Etienne, who runs a company that takes professional photos at funerals. “Someone might jump up and leap on the coffin. Emotions are real, they're raw.”

Priscilla Etienne runs a London-based company called Funeography that takes professional photos at funerals. She has been featured on the BBC and in Popular Photography. Digital Dying spoke with Priscilla about her beef with funeral directors, why weddings are boring and the reason she's dying to photograph a gypsy funeral.

Most people aren't accustomed to funeral photos, how do you persuade potential clients that it is a good idea?

People spend so much money on getting the coffin, or getting the brass band, what's the point if you don't remember it? Why not have a record of everything? I was at a funeral of a 12 year old boy, they had a Welsh quartet then sung football club songs. It was marvelous, but no one was taking pictures. When my parents died in 1996 no one took pictures. We all missed it. My mom's death was expected, she had been sick for a year. But my dad died eight months later and it was unexpected. He was in the Caribbean. We weren't told about the funeral until literally two days before. That kind of thing happens quite a lot and is another reason why it's good to have the photos. The distance people sometimes have to go for funerals is tremendous. Not everyone can make it.

How do you go about photographing a funeral?

We wear black trousers and black T-shirts with the photographers name. We'll go to the home beforehand and ask about the person. If, for example, I learn that the dog will be getting their possessions, then I know to make sure and get two to three pictures of the dog. We take pictures at the home, at the church and of the family arriving and the coffin being carried in. Coming from the East End there are a lot of old gangster types and sometimes they'll ask about the camera, say something like, ‘Where's that going love?' We do a lot with zoom lenses. Inside the congregation everyone's eyes are at the front but they are in their own thoughts. I have one photo of a white woman amongst a group of about 400 black people and she is just looking up with this expression like, ‘I wonder what's for dinner?'

Other Great Reads: The curious history of post-mortem photography

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Bloody and forgotten journalist deaths, from a female Mexican blogger to an Azerbaijani critical of Iran

Maria Elizabeth Macías Castro was posting details about drug traffickers to Twitter and a social media website called “Nuevo Laredo en vivo”. Her body and severed head was found last September, one of 46 journalists killed in 2011 according to the Committee to Protect Journalists.

Mukarram Khan Atif was number two. The second journalist killed so far in 2012, that is. He was gunned down while praying at a mosque in Shabqadar, in northern Pakistan. A terrorist group called the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) claimed responsibility. Atif worked for a Pakistani TV channel and served as a stringer for Voice of America. “We have been warning him to stop his propaganda against us in the foreign media,” said a TTP spokesman. “He did not include our version in his stories.” The spokesman warned there were several more journalists on their hit-list.

According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), 895 journalists have been killed since the group began counting journalist deaths in 1992. In 2011, 46 journalists were killed, including the well-publicized deaths of two of the West's most talented war photographers, Tim Hetherington and Chris Hondros, killed while covering the uprising in Libya. But amidst the barrage of deaths occurring each day across the world's hot spots, many journalist deaths go unnoticed. Here are some of the more haunting ones from 2011...

Rafiq Tagi, freelance journalist in Azerbaijan – On November 19 Tagi was returning to his home in Baku, the capitol of Azerbaijan, when an unidentified man ran up behind him and without saying anything stabbed him seven times. Tagi underwent surgery for a damaged spleen but was recovering well and in stable condition when on November 21 he suddenly died. He was 61. Just ten minutes before his death doctors had checked on him and found him to be fine. His colleagues suspect foul play. In May 2007, he was convicted of inciting religious hatred and sentenced to three years in prison in connection with an article he published in an independent Azerbaijani newspaper. It stated that Islam was hampering the country's economic and political progress. Last October, he published an article criticizing Iranian authorities for their theologically based policies and suppression of human rights. The Iranian embassy in Azerbaijan denied involvement in Tagi's death. But the Iranian cleric, Mohammed Fazel Lankarani, published a statement saying that Tagi had received a “just sentence”.

Other Great Reads: What's the proper etiquette for a funeral?

Maria Elizabeth Macías Castro, social media user in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico – Castro's headless body was found along a road near Nuevo Laredo, a Mexican city on the Texas border and drug trafficking hot spot. She worked at a local newspaper there but also posted details about drug trafficker movements and drug gang lookout locations to Twitter and a social media website called “Nuevo Laredo en vivo”, using the pseudonym, “La NenaDLaredo” (The girl from Laredo). Her severed head was found on a large stone piling, with a note beside it that read: “Nuevo Laredo en Vivo and social networking sites, I'm The Laredo Girl, and I'm here because of my reports…” It is uncertain how her killers discovered her identity. According to CPJ, it is the first time a journalist has been killed directly because of something published to a social media site. She was 39.

Other Great Reads: Narco lives means narco-wives and narco-tombs

Hadi al-Mahdi, Iraqi radio hostAl-Mahdi was shot in his Baghdad home by an assailant using a pistol with a silencer. He had spent 18 years in exile and returned to Iraq in 2008, to live with his wife and three children. He hosted the show, “To Whomever Listens”, which aired on independent Radio Demozy. The show covered social and political issues and he often criticized politicians, including the former prime minister Ayad Allawi, and the current prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki. Al-Mahdi regularly organized pro-democracy demonstrations via Facebook and publicized threats that he received. During Arab Spring protests Al-Mahdi and four other journalists were picked up by security forces and driven to the headquarters of the Iraqi Army's 11th Division, according to a Washington Post article. There they were beaten, given electric shocks and threatened with rape, then asked to sign a statement saying they were not tortured.

Growing fearful of his safety, about two months ago Al-Mahdi stopped his radio show. He told a friend that he believed Prime Minister Maliki had assigned mercenaries to stab him on the street. The week he was killed he had been preparing for a pro-democracy protest in Baghdad's Tahrir Square. “I will take part in the demonstrations,” he wrote, in a post on his Facebook page left just hours before he was killed. “The political process embodies a national, economic, and political failure. It deserves to change, and we deserve a better government. In short, I do not represent any political party or any other side, but rather the miserable reality in which we live.”

Famous prison deaths, from the mafia to the Manson Family

Susan Atkins, part of the murderous Manson Family, was sentenced to life in prison. She was denied parole 18 times and after being diagnosed with terminal brain cancer she was denied a compassionate release. “She will be set free when judged by God,” said a family member of one of her victims.

Diane McCloud was freed from jail earlier this week, but only so she could die. McCloud, 48, was in Nassau County jail for shoplifting more than $3,500 worth of goods from Target. “She's terminal,” said her lawyer. “It's just so she can die easier and pain-free.” McCloud's case was unusual, usually dying prisoners end up dying in prison. Many large correctional facilities have nursing homes, and some, like Louisiana State Penitentiary, in Angola, the largest maximum security prison in the United States, even offer hospice care—the program was recently highlighted in a documentary shown on the Oprah Winfrey Network. According to a 2005 New York Times article, the number of lifers has almost doubled in the last decade. In 2005, some 132,000 prisoners were serving life sentences, according to the article; for murder, burglary, drugs and other crimes. Many prisoners will die without anyone noticing. But not all. Here are a few of the nation's most famous prison deaths..

Susan Atkins, member of the Manson FamilyManson and his followers murdered nine people in California during the summer of 1969. Atkins, known within the family as Sadie Mae Glutz, later said that she believed Manson to be Jesus. She bore a son by one of the group's members that Manson named Zezozose Zadfrack Glutz. Atkins was convicted for her participation in eight of the killings, including the murder of Sharon Tate, the wife of famous French-Polish film director, Roman Polanski. Tate was eight months pregnant at the time. Atkins received the death sentence but it was commuted to life in prison. She became a born-again Christian, taught prison classes and received a commendation for assisting officials in a suicide attempt.  Yet she was denied parole 18 times, becoming the longest-incarcerated female inmate in the California penal system.

Other Great Reads: The sad slow death of female serial killers, from “Monster” to Mary Ann Cotton

In April 2008, it was revealed Atkins had terminal brain cancer. One leg had already been amputated and she was given less than six months to live. Her lawyer said she could barely speak and that she couldn't sit up in bed without assistance. He requested a “compassionate release”, something that many in the prison reform community, who regarded keeping Atkins in prison as akin to torture, supported. But the victim's family members reacted strongly. “She will be set free when judged by God,” said Debra Tate, a relative of Sharon. “It's important that she die in incarceration.” And she did, on September 24, 2009, at a nursing center in the Central California Women's Facility, in Chowchilla, California.

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Interview with the country's oldest funeral officiant, a 93-year-old Freemason named Norman

The freemasons are a secretive organization with obscure origins and mysterious symbols. Norman Miller is 93 years old and has performed more than 1,000 masonic funerals.

Norman Miller fought in World War II then Korea and has been leading Freemason funeral services ever since. He currently lives in El Paso, Texas. Digital Dying spoke with him over the phone about how he got started, what a Freemason funeral is like and after seeing so many deaths, how he keeps going. The freemasons are a secretive organization with obscure origins. Sometime during the 15th or 16th century the first chapel, or lodge, was begun in Scotland. There are now an estimated six million Masons around the world, and just under two million in the US. Geographic regions are divided into jurisdictions, which are administered by Grand Lodges. El Paso, where Norman lives, has 10 lodges. A list of famous Freemasons includes the Italian President Silvio Berlusconi (he was expelled from the order in 1981), Nat King Cole, King Edward the VIII, Benjamin Franklin, J. Edgar Hoover, Meriwether Lewis, Harry Houdini, Mozart's dad Leopold, Arnold Palmer, Paul Revere, World War II General Douglas MacArthur, Mark Twain, Oscar Wilde and numerous US presidents, including the most famous Mason, George Washington.

How did you start performing Mason funerals?

When I was still a young man a lady came up to me and we had a really nice conversation. She said, ‘Norman, you ought to go into the ministry.' I never did but I went to the Lutheran church and sang in the quire. I joined the Masons in 1958 and retired from the Army in 1963. I did my first Masonic funeral in March of 1964. The job was given to me by the former secretary of the lodge. He just handed me this paper about Mason funerals and told me that I would now be leading them. I said, ‘Isn't this supposed to be done by the master of the lodge?' and he said, ‘Learn it, you have to do it.' So I did. I have done over 1,000 funerals since then. I have another one this Thursday.

Has it been depressing to lead so many funerals?

It has been not a pleasure for me but an inspiration, because the people you come in contact with appreciate it so much. It doesn't bother me, I have a firm belief in the deity. I have no fear of death. When the Lord wants me he can take me. Both my parents have passed away, and I just had a brother who passed away, he was 94. I have had very close friends in the masonry that have passed away. I have realized that they must be taken, earth to earth, ashes to ashes and dust to dust. When you come into this world you are a free born person and when you pass away, if you live the right kind of life, you are also a free person.

Other Great Reads: Funeral customs around the world

What's a Mason funeral ceremony like?

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The weirdest deaths of 2011 – Killed by a cock, crushed by a cow, smashed by a horny black bear..

Planking is a trending internet craze where people take photos of themselves in Superman-like poses, lying flat on surfaces like railings, rooftops and police cars. A 20 year old Australian man recently fell to his death from an apartment balcony while planking.

It was a strange year for weather and perhaps an even stranger one for dying, here are some of the weirdest deaths of 2011:

Stabbed to death at a cockfight - Jose Luis Ochoa was attending an illegal cockfight in Tulare County, California when he was stabbed in the leg by a cock that had a knife attached to one of its limbs. Ochoa was taken to the hospital where he was declared dead. He was reportedly a regular participant at organized cockfights and had previously been fined for owning or training animals for fighting.

Fell from a balcony while planking - Acton Beale, a 20 year old Australian, fell from the balcony of an apartment in Brisbane while trying to plank on the railing. Planking is a trending internet craze where people take photos of themselves in Superman-like poses, lying flat on some surface, with arms at their side. Plankers then post the photos to social media websites like facebook and YouTube. Just weeks before, in Brisbane, another 20 year old was arrested for planking on the roof of a police car. Other plankers have been photographed lying on railroad tracks, in the middle of the road, and in trees.

Other Great Reads: The world's dumbest deaths, now on TV

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The lesser-known famous deaths of late December 2011

A number of famous figures died last week, among the less well known famous that also died was a New Zealand drag queen named Carmen Rupe.

The past week saw the death of three very different famous figures: North Korean dictator, Kim Jong Il; Czech playwright and president, Vaclav Havel and Cesaria Evora, a musical sensation from the Cape Verde Islands known as the Barefoot Diva, because she never performed in shoes. Of course, many less well known famous people died as well. Among them was a New Zealand drag queen, an early Soviet rocket scientist, a Japanese professional wrestler, an American rapper and a legendary British serial killer:

Umanosuke Ueda, Japanese professional wrestler - Ueda was famous for his bleached blond hair and handlebar mustache. He was born Yuji Ueda, but changed his name to Umanosuke, inspired by a famous late Shogunate Period samurai of the same name. Ueda fought in the Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance through the 1960s. From June 11, 1976 to July 28, 1976 he was the International Wrestling Alliance World Heavyweight Champion. During the 1980s, he appeared as a henchman on a cult Japanese television show called Takeshi's Castle, about a count who owns a castle and sets up impossible challenges for players to get to him. Ueda died of respiratory failure on December 21, 2011.

Donald Neilson, British serial killer – Neilson was born Donald Nappey but changed the family name after his daughter was repeatedly bullied at school because her last name sounded like the word nappy. He worked as a builder but turned to crime when his business failed, committing house burglaries by the hundreds. He went by a variety of nicknames, including The Phantom and Handy Andy, but the most popular was The Black Panther. By the 1970s he was robbing small post offices and in 1974, he committed his first murders, shooting dead two sub-postmasters and the husband of a sub-postmistress. He became the most wanted man in Britain. In 1975, he kidnapped the heiress to a large bus transport company fortune and demanded a 50,000 pound ransom. Due to a series of police bungles he never got the money. The girl was later found hanging from a wire at the bottom of a drainage shaft. Neilson was finally arrested in 1975, convicted of murder and sent to prison to serve five consecutive life sentences. He died on December 18, 2011, after suffering from breathing difficulties.

Other Great Reads: Famous death row last words and the weird art they inspired

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Have you considered “grief tourism” in your holiday travel plans?

 

People come to Paris to shop and eat but also for the cemeteries, such as the Montparnasse Cemetery in the south of the city. Cemetery visitors may not know it but they are part of a growing movement known as grief tourism. (Photo by Justin Nobel)

People come to Paris for the food, the museums and the shops but also for the cemeteries. There is the Pere-Lachaise Cemetery, which opened in 1804 and receives more than a million and a half visitors a year, many of them coming to see the grave of legendary rock singer Jim Morrison. At Montparnasse Cemetery, a grid of mossy tombs and stark stone crosses, are literary luminaries such as Susan Sontag, Guy de Maupassant, Charles Baudelaire and Jean-Paul Sartre. And in Saint-Denis, on the northern outskirts of the city, are buried many of the most famous kings and queens of France, including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, who were reinterred here after being removed from their mass grave near the Madeleine. Few people would admit to having come to Paris to see cemeteries but dark tourism, also known as grief tourism, is a very real phenomenon. Each year people travel far and wide to see sights linked to some of the world's greatest massacres. Here are just a few.

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Kid's last wishes: Some feed the homeless, most go to Disney World

Brendan Foster, dying of leukemia, chose as his last wish to feed the homeless. His story inspired sister movements across the country.

“On June 12th 2011, I'm turning 9 and I found out that millions of people don't live to see their 5th birthday,” Rachel Beckwith, of Bellevue, Washington recently wrote on a donation webpage she set up with the aid organization, charity:water. “And why? Because they didn't have access to clean, safe water. I'm asking from everyone I know to donate to my campaign instead of gifts for my birthday.” Rachel's goal was to raise $300 by her birthday, she hit $240. A month later she was killed in a horrible chain-reaction car crash on Highway 90, in Washington. Her mother was driving and her younger sister was in the car too. A semitrailer jackknifed into a logging truck and rear-ended Rachel's car. Her mother and sister were fine but she was put into a coma. Several days later she was taken off life support and died.

Other Great Reads: How to deal with the death of a child

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JFK and the 3 most horrible assassinations you've never heard of

In 1854, Balthasar Gerard assassinated the popular Dutch independence leader, William the Silent. City magistrates decreed his flesh be torn from his bones with pincers in six different places and his heart ripped from his chest while he was still alive.

Last week marked the 38th anniversary of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, an event that only grows more epic with time. Several new books address the assassination, including one by horror guru Stephen King, entitled, 11/22/63, about a Maine school teacher who travels back in time in an attempt to stop Lee Harvey Oswald from killing Kennedy. While JFK's death still burns bright in the mind of Americans it is only one in a long list of historic assassinations. Some of them are even more complex and vicious than the simple case of a “lone gunman.”

Other Great Reads: The history of manhunts, from Sabbah the Assassin to Yahya the Engineer

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Texas droughts unearth cemeteries, Mississippi floods bury them

Record droughts in Texas have lowered the level of Lake Buchanan, revealing long-forgotten tombstones.

Hurricane Irene roared up the East Coast last August, leaving a wide and varied path of destruction: in New Jersey at least one woman drowned in her car, Virginia experienced the second largest power outage in the state's history, in Delaware a tornado tore off the roof of a house and in Rochester, Vermont a river flooded its banks and swallowed a large section of a graveyard. “A terrible and sad situation,” read one local report. “Homes are destroyed, so are roads and bridges and even a cemetery…the final resting place for Rochester residents.” Much of the nation has seen weird weather lately, putting a crimp on lives and also affecting the dead. Some cemeteries have been submerged by flood waters, in other cases a lack of water has brought old graveyards back to life.

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